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Treatment guide

Root Canal: Steps, Pain, Recovery and Success Rate

A root canal removes inflamed or infected pulp from inside a tooth and seals it. Most take one or two appointments of about 90 minutes, modern treatment is typically painless, and studies show a success rate of more than 90%.

Why you might need one

The pulp inside a tooth can become inflamed or infected from deep decay, repeated dental work, a crack or chip, or an injury. Warning signs include severe pain when chewing, a pimple on the gum, and sensitivity to hot or cold that lingers. Left untreated, it can lead to an abscess. [1]

The steps

  • X-rays, numbing, and a thin rubber sheet to isolate the tooth
  • A small opening is made, and the pulp is removed and the canals cleaned and shaped
  • The canals are filled and sealed, usually with a temporary filling on top
  • Your dentist places a crown or other restoration later

Most root canals take one to two appointments of roughly 90 minutes each. [1]

Pain and recovery

Modern root canal treatment is typically painless under local anesthesia. Mild soreness for a few days is normal and usually improves within three to five days. Over-the-counter pain relievers usually help. Avoid chewing on the tooth until it is restored. [1]

Dentist or endodontist?

General dentists are trained to do root canals. Endodontists are specialists with at least two extra years of training in saving natural teeth, and are often referred the harder cases. [1]

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Questions

Does a root canal hurt?

Modern treatment is typically painless, according to the American Association of Endodontists. Mild soreness for a few days is normal.

How many visits does a root canal take?

Most take one to two appointments of about 90 minutes.

How successful are root canals?

Studies show a success rate of more than 90%.

Sources

  1. Root Canal Explained, American Association of Endodontists

This guide is general information, not medical advice. It summarizes the sources above, which were last checked on October 22, 2026. Talk to a licensed provider about your own situation.

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